Useful OpenSSL commands for your own CA

Here is a short summary of how I am managing my SSL certificates



  • Edit /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf and add a section for each separate certificate authority, e.g. CA_servers CA_clients, CA_vpn

  • Use a safe umask: 
     umask 077

  • Generate a private key

    • an unencrypted key (no password needed) 
      openssl genrsa -out key.pem 2048

    • an encrypted key (with a password) 
      openssl genrsa -aes256 -out key.pem 2048


  • Create a certificate request:
    openssl req -new -key key.pem -out req.pem

  • Sign the certificate: 
    openssl ca -name CA_vpn -in req.pem -out cert.pem

  • Optionally add specific extensions to the signed certificate:

    • Prepare a section in /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf like this:
      [ext_server]
      nsCertType = server, client

    • Modify the signing command like this:
      openssl ca -name CA_vpn -in req.pem -out cert.pem -extensions ext_server


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